Analyzing life history traits

Do accipitrids or anatids (families of birds, Accipitridae and Anatidae) live longer? How much longer on average? Is incubation time across families of turtles (order Testudines) phylogenetically constrained? That is, do some turtle families tend to statistically differ in their average incubation time or not? Which two families differ the most in incubation time and by how much? Do adult shrews (family Soricidae) of smaller body mass tend to wean their offspring earlier? What is the strength of the relationship? Finally, using this relationship, what are the likely number of days after birth that a newly discovered shrew species with a mass of 16.5 g would wean its offspring? In your analysis indicate if any shrew species are especially influential (Cook's distance) in assessing the relationship. Isometric length-mass scaling would indicate that the power law relating adult mass (*M*) to adult snout-to-vent length (*L*) in animals should be $M = aL^3$. In canids (Family Canidae) is the relationship consistent with an isometric relationship or allometric relationship? In other words, is the exponent in the power law relationship consistent with being equal to 3 (isometric) or some other number (allometric)? Rensch's law states that the relationship between the degree of sexual size dimorphism and adult body size in animals depends on whether males are bigger or females are bigger. The degree of sexual size dimorphism is, simply, the difference in size between males and females. Specifically, the law indicates that sexual size dimorphism increases with body size when males are larger, and decreases with body size when females are larger. Does Rensch's law seem to hold for even-toed ungulates (Order Artiodactyla)? [create two new variables from the data: (1) The degree of sexual size dimorphism which could be calculated as the absolute value (`abs()`) of the difference between males and females, and (2) A variable that indicates whether males or females are bigger. Once you have these you can start modeling the relationship between sexual size dimporhism and average body mass depending on whether males or females are bigger.] Q7. Use a multiple model inference approach to decide which of the following life-history traits tend to influence clutch size after controlling for adult body mass in songbirds (Order Passeriformes): (1) longevity, (2) hatching weight, (3) fledging age, (4) number of clutches per year, and (5) egg mass. Which of these variables should be included in a model of clutch size, and in that model what is the direction of each after controlling for the others? Because body mass must be in your model, please also report the strength of the relationship between body mass in clutch size.