PHYTHON ASSSINGMENTS

ntroduction Prepare written answers to, and be prepared to discuss each of the following questions, each of which is taken from, is an extension of, or is inspired by the correspondingly numbered exercise question from the Computational Thinking for the Modern Problem Solver text. Chapter 7: Consider the depiction of a “chunk of memory" given to the left. Exercise Question 2. Consider the following data that describes the “adjacency” of the states in the Northeast. Two states are considered adjacent if they share a common border. CT: NY, MA, RI DE: MD, PA, NJ MA: RI, CT, NY, NH, VT MD: VA, WV, PA, DE ME: NH NH: VT, ME, MA NJ: DE, PA, NY NY: NJ, PA, VT, MA, CT PA: NY, NJ, DE, MD RI: CT, MA VT: NY, NH, MA For example, note that Pennsylvania is adjacent to New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland. Pennsylvania is also adjacent to Ohio and West Virginia, but these facts are not represented in this data. First, depict this data as a graph drawing consisting of nodes (one for each state, and labeled with the state abbreviation) and arcs that represent the adjacencies reflected in the data. Second, complete the depiction of the “chunk of memory” showing how this graph could be represented and stored using the “linking scheme” presented in Chapter 7. Although there are multiple correct answers to this part of the question, for the sake of having some continuity you are to anchor the graph at address 125 using the node for PA. Exercise Question 2a. Note that a complete set of data, showing the adjacencies of all of the states in the union plus the District of Columbia, may be found online at [login to view URL] For this question, you are to analyze the storage needs for this complete set of data (using the linking scheme) and determine the precise total number of memory cells needed to represent it. Additional Questions: Since a tree is a graph that has certain properties (i.e. a tree is a connected acyclic graph), it is the case that trees can then be readily represented the same way as graphs. An interesting and important special type of tree, known as a binary tree, is one in which no node has more than two children. Although a binary tree may be represented the same way as a tree (and thus also the same way as a graph), the specializations present in binary trees may be exploited to gain some efficiency. Consider the following depiction of a chunk of memory and the corresponding binary tree it represents. Here a different representation scheme that uses “indexing” is employed. In the indexing scheme used here the tree’s representation is anchored at memory address 1. In this scheme, the left child of every node is represented in memory at the address of the parent node multiplied by 2, and the right child is represented in the address immediately following the left child. Thus, node B is stored in memory at 1 and its left child, G, is at 2 and its right child E is at 3. Similarly, node F is stored in memory at 5 and its children are represented at 10 and 11 respectively. Note that nodes that do not exist, such as the left child of E and its descendants still consume space in the representation. This indexing scheme that maps the nodes in a rooted binary tree to the positive integers as described above provides a straightforward and reasonably efficient representation for most binary trees. The best case is when the tree is “complete” meaning that every node at every level, except the lowest level, has two children and all nodes at the lowest level are as far left as possible. Of course, binary trees with certain structures may result in inefficient uses of memory. Consider this binary tree.